IL-17-producing T helper cells (Th17) are a recently described lineage of CD4+ effector T cells that are distinct from the Th1 and Th2 CD4+ lineages. In mice, TGF-beta and IL-6 induce signaling pathways that promote the differentiation of Th17 cells by STAT3-, and ROR gamma t-dependent transcription. Characterizing the factors required for Th17 lineage commitment and amplification is critical to our understanding of how adaptive immune responses are orchestrated.